Stepper Motors | Voron3D Wiki

Overview#

This section covers stepper motor options for 3D printers.

What Does NEMA Mean?#

NEMA stands for National Electrical Manufacturers Association. In the context of stepper motors, “NEMA” refers to a standardized frame size and mounting pattern. For example, NEMA 14 and NEMA 17 indicate the faceplate size in tenths of an inch (NEMA 14 = 1.4 inches, NEMA 17 = 1.7 inches). The NEMA number does not specify electrical characteristics, only the physical dimensions and mounting hole pattern.

How to Choose a Stepper Motor#

Stepper motor performance depends on torque, current rating, step angle, and physical size. Higher torque motors can move heavier loads but may require more current. The step angle determines the precision of movement. Consider the mounting size (e.g., NEMA 14, NEMA 17, NEMA 23) and ensure compatibility with your printer’s electronics and mechanical design. Noise and heat output can also vary by motor and driver choice.

I found this YouTube video to be massively helpful in understanding stepper motors and how to go about choosing the right stepper motor for your Voron printer:

How to Choose the Fastest Motors for Your 3D Printer by Matt The Printing Nerd (community link)

eddietheengineer (link to GitHub)

I recently got a message from DevMiner the creator of the stepper motor simulator below, it is a very nice tool that performs all the calculations of the excel document and has a very detailed stepper motor database.

Stepper Simulator Website

Configuration Help

If you find the Google Sheet confusing or hard to understand, please watch the video linked above for a clear explanation of how to use the spreadsheet to find the right stepper motor for your printer.

Stepper Motor Database#

Brand	Model	NEMA	Body Length mm	Step Angle (deg)	Rated Current (A)	Torque (N-cm)	Inductance (mH)	Resistance (Ohms)	Rotor Inertia (g-cm^2)	Comments
KeliMotor	BJ42D41-14V19	17	60	1.8	2	65	2.8	1.1	128	ELEGOO Centauri A/B
KeliMotor	BJ42D22-25V04	17	40	1.8	1.2	40	6	2.9	57	ELEGOO Centauri Z
KeliMotor	BJ42D29-100V02	17	48	1.8	2	45	1.9	1.1	76	Bambulab X1/P1 A/B
KeliMotor	BJ42D22-23V47	17	40	1.8	1	37	6.9	2.8	57	Bambulab X1/P1 Z
ACT	17HS5425-06	17	48	1.8	2.5	60	1.75	1	68
FYSETC	35HSH7402-24B-400A	14	51	1.8	1.5	42	5.5	2.8	48
FYSETC	42HSC1404B-200N8	14	34.5	1.8	0.4	32	38	29	40
FYSETC	G36HSY4407-6D-550	14	20.5	1.8	0.5	12	10	13	15
FYSETC	TB-3544	17	39	1.8	1.5	50	3.8	1.8	55
FYSETC	17HS19-2004S-C	17	48	1.8	2	59	3	1.4	82
FYSETC	MS17HD2P420A-01	17	40	1.8	2	54	3.1	1.37	57
Hanpose	23HS4128	23	41	1.8	2.8	55	1.4	0.7	120
Hanpose	17HS8401	17	48	1.8	1.8	52	3.2	1.8	68
Hanpose	42HS38	17	40	1.8	1.5	40	2.8	1.5	54
Hanpose	17HS8401S-MD	17	48	1.8	1.8	52	3.4	1.8	68	Has options to buy 1, 3 or 5
Hanpose	17HS3401	17	34	1.8	1.3	28	2.9	2.2	34
Hanpose	17HS6401S	17	60	1.8	1.8	73	5.4	2.3	72	Has options to buy 1, 3 or 5
Hanpose	17HS8402S-D	17	48	1.8	1.8	52	3.8	1.8	68
Hanpose	42HS60-HCZ	17	60	1.8	1.8	70	5.4	2.3	72
Hanpose	17HS3401S-FS	17	34	1.8	1.3	28	2.8	2.4	34
Hanpose	17HS9401	17	80	1.8	2.8	92	3.8	1.5	83
Hanpose	17HS6401S-0.9	17	60	0.9	1.8	70	5.4	2.3	72	Has options to buy 1, 3 or 5
LDO	35STH48-1504AH(VRN)	14	52	1.8	1.5	37	3.8	2.8	51.8
LDO	35STH48-1684AHVRN	14	48	1.8	1.68	40	2.8	1.65	49
LDO	36STH20-1004AHG(XH)	14	20	1.8	1	10	1.6	2.1	16	LDO VORON0 kit extruder, LDO VORON2.4 kit extruder, LDO VORON Trident kit extruder
LDO	42STH20-1004ASH	17	20	1.8	1	18	5	3.6	21.4	(HT)
LDO	42STH38-1684MAC	17	40	0.9	1.68	32	3.2	1.65	54
LDO	42STH40-1004MAH(VRN)	17	40	0.9	1	39	11.5	4.1	62
LDO	42STH40-1684AC	17	40	1.8	1.68	45	3.6	1.65	53	LDO VORON Switchwire kit X/Y & Z
LDO	42STH40-2004MAH(VRN)	17	40	0.9	2	35	2.8	1.1	71
LDO	42STH47-1684AC	17	48	1.8	1.68	49	2.8	1.65	68
LDO	42STH47-2504AC	17	48	1.8	2.5	53.9	1.8	1.25	68
LDO	42STH48-1684MAH	17	48	0.9	1.68	39	2.8	1.65	68
LDO	42STH48-2004AC(VRN)	17	48	1.8	2	59	3	1.6	85
LDO	42STH48-2004AH	17	48	1.8	2	59	3	1.4	68
LDO	42STH48-2004MAH(VRN)	17	48	0.9	2	40	2	1.45	68	(HT)
LDO	42STH48-2504AC	17	48	1.8	2.5	55	1.5	1.2	84.5
LDO	42STH48-2504AH	17	48	1.8	2.5	55	1.5	1.2	84.5
LDO	42STH60-2004AH	17	60	1.8	2	83	3.3	2	102
LDO	42STH60-2004MAC (Railcore)	17	60	0.9	2	59	3	1.4	120
LDO	42STH60-2004MAH	17	60	0.9	2	58.8	3	1.4	120
LDO	57STH41-2804MAC(HEV)	23	41	0.9	2.8	60	1.4	0.7	120
LDO	57STH56-2804MAC(RC)	23	56	0.9	2.8	120	3.4	1.1	305
LDO	42STH48-2804AC	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84.5
LDO	42STH48-2504MAC(F)	17	48	0.9	2.5	45	1.5	1.2	85
LDO	42STH25-1004CL200ET	17	26	1.8	1	24	7	5.5	35	LDO VORON0 kit Z
LDO	42STH40-1684CL300E	17	40	1.8	2	45	4.1	1.65	54	LDO VORON Trident kit Z
LDO	35STH52-1504AH	14	52	1.8	1.5	37	3.8	2.8	52	“Speedy Power” motor (HT), LDO VORON0 kit A/B
LDO	42STH40-2004MAH	17	40	0.9	2	35	1.1	2.8	71	LDO VORON2.4 kit A/B, (HT)
LDO	42STH48-2004AC	17	48	1.8	2	59	3	1.4	68	LDO VORON2.4 kit Z
LDO	42STH48-2504AH(S55)	17	48	1.8	2.5	55	1.5	1.2	84	55mm Shaft, “Speedy Power” motor (HT)
LDO	42STH48-2504AH(S46)	17	48	1.8	2.5	55	1.5	1.2	84
LDO	42STH48-2804AC-R	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84	Round Shaft
LDO	35STH52-2004AH(S35)	14	52	1.8	2	40	2.1	1.34	40	35mm Shaft
LDO	42STH48-2804AH-R	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84	Round Shaft
LDO	42STH48-2504MAH	17	48	0.9	2.5	45	1.5	1.2	85
LDO	42STH48-2804AH (S55)	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84	55mm Shaft, “Super Power” motor (HT)
LDO	42STH48-2804AH	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84
LDO	42STH48-2804AH (S80)	17	48	1.8	2.8	42	0.6	0.7	84	80mm Shaft, “Super Power” motor (HT)
LDO	LDO-42STH60-3004AHD(S37)	17	60	1.8	3	120	1.6	1	100
Moons	MS14HA1P4150	14	27	0.9	1.5	11	1.8	1.55	12
Moons	MS14HA3P4150	14	36	0.9	1.5	18	2.2	1.61	20
Moons	MS17HA2P4150	17	39.8	0.9	1.5	40	5.4	1.98	57
Moons	MS17HA2P4200	17	40	0.9	2	39	2.8	1.05	57
Moons	MS17HDBP4100	17	63	1.8	1	82	14.6	5.6	123
Moons	MS17HD6P420I-05	17	48	1.8	2	67	2.7	1.3	82
Moons	CSE14HRA1L410A	14	17	1.8	1	11	2	2.1	9	Formbot VORON2.4 kit extruder, Formbot VORON0 kit extruder
Moons	MS14HS5P4150-11	14	55	1.8	1.5	40	3.6	2.2	35	Formbot VORON0 kit A/B
Moons	LE17AS-T0808-200-0-S-065	17	34	1.8	0.65	34	15.2	8.7	48	Formbot VORON0 kit Z
Moons	MS17HD6P4150-01	17	48	1.8	1.5	62	4.9	2.2	62	Spares from a Lulzbot Mini 2
Moons	MS17HD6P420I-04	17	48	1.8	2	67	2.7	1.3	82	Formbot VORON2.4 kit A/B & Z
Motech	MT-1704HSM168RE	17	48	0.9	1.68	43	2.8	1.65	68
Nanotec	ST4209L1704-A	17	48	0.9	1.68	44	5	1.8	68
Stepperonline	14HS10-0404S	14	26	1.8	0.4	14	30	30	12
Stepperonline	14HS13-0804S	14	34	1.8	0.8	18	10	6.8	14
Stepperonline	14HS17-0504S	14	42	1.8	0.5	23	26	15	18
Stepperonline	14HS20-1504S	14	52	1.8	1.5	40	3.8	2.8	54
Stepperonline	17HM19-1684S	17	48	0.9	1.68	44	4.1	1.65	68
Stepperonline	17HM19-2004S	17	48	0.9	2	46	4	1.45	82
Stepperonline	17HS08-1004S	17	20	1.8	1	16	3.7	4.5	22
Stepperonline	17HS13-0404S1	17	34	1.8	0.4	26	37	30	38
Stepperonline	17HS16-2004S1	17	40	1.8	2	45	2.6	1.1	54
Stepperonline	17HS19-2004S1	17	48	1.8	2	59	3	1.4	82
Stepperonline	17HS24-2104S	17	60	1.8	2.1	65	3	1.6	148
Stepperonline	17HS19-1684S1	17	48	1.8	1.7	45	2.8	1.65	68
Stepperonline	17HE19-2004S	17	48	1.8	2	55	2.4	1.3	62
Stepperonline	17HS15-1504S-X1	17	39	1.8	1.5	45	4.4	2.3	54
Stepperonline	17HM13-0316S	17	34	0.9	0.3	16	36	38.5	38
Stepperonline	17HS16-2004S-C4	17	40	1.8	2	45	2.6	1.1	54
Stepperonline	17HM15-1004S	17	40	0.9	1	33	12.5	4.5	54
Stepperonline	17HE15-1504S	17	38	1.8	1.5	42	4	2.3	57
Stepperonline	17HM08-1204S	17	22	0.9	1.2	11	2.2	3	14
Stepperonline	17HM15-0904S	17	40	0.9	0.9	36	12	6	54
Wantai	42BYGHW811	17	48	1.8	2.5	47	1.8	1.25	68
Wantai	42BYGHW804	17	48	1.8	1.2	45	5	3	68
Wantai	42BYGHW811-06	17	48	1.8	2.5	60	1.75	1	68
Wantai	42BYGHW609	17	40	1.8	1.7	40	2.8	2	54
Cloudray	17CS03A-130E	17	34	1.8	1.3	28	2.8	2.26	41
Cloudray	17CS02A-120	17	40	1.8	1.2	20	5.1	2.6	57
Cloudray	17CS01A-100	17	34	1.8	1	15	1.89	1.28	41
Cloudray	17CS05A-180E	17	48	1.8	1.8	52	5.8	2.4	82
Cloudray	17CS03A-150E	17	47	1.8	1.5	30	5.8	2.4	82
Cloudray	17CS03A-150	17	47	1.8	1.5	30	5.8	2.4	82
Cloudray	17CS04A-170E	17	40	1.8	1.7	42	5.1	2.6	57
Cloudray	17CS04A-170	17	40	1.8	1.7	42	5.1	2.6	57
Cloudray	17CS07A-180	17	60	1.8	1.8	71	96	1.94	114
JKongMotor	JK42HS40-1004-02F	17	40	1.8	1	42	8.9	3.9	54
JKongMotor	JK42HS40-1704	17	40	1.8	1.7	42	2.3	1.5	54
Noname	B0459	17	47	1.8	2	56	1.9	1.3	82
Noname	42x4	17	48	1.8	1.68	44	2.3	1.65	68
G-Penny	42HS4825A4	17	48	1.8	2.5	50	1.8	1.6	68
G-Penny	42HS4017A4	17	60	1.8	1.7	42	2.3	1.5	54
RATTM	17HS3430	17	34	1.8	1.2	28	3.8	2.3	34
RATTM	17HS8403	17	48	1.8	2.3	46	1.6	1.2	68
RATTM	17HS3410	17	34	1.8	1.7	28	1.8	1.2	34
RATTM	17HS4402	17	40	1.8	1.3	40	5	2.5	54
RATTM	17HM8401C	17	48	0.9	1.7	42	4	1.8	68
RATTM	17HS4401J	17	40	1.8	1.7	45	3.2	1.7	54
Leadshine / YunTaiKe	42CM08	17	60	1.8	2.5	80	2.4	1	110
Leadshine / YunTaiKe	42CM06	17	47	1.8	2.5	60	1.6	0.9	72	Taobao item, Would need proxy, likely costly shipping unless part of a GB
Leadshine / YunTaiKe	42CM02	17	33	1.8	1.5	20	1.4	1.4	35
Leadshine / YunTaiKe	42CM04-1A	17	39	1.8	1	45	7.9	4	54	Leadshine part, re-sold by Cloudray
Siboor	14STH20-1004A	14	21	1.8	1.88	12	1.5	1.7	16	Siboor VORON0 kit extruder, Siboor VORON2.4 kit extruder, Siboor VORON Trident kit extruder
Siboor	42STH48-2504	17	48	1.8	2.5	60	1.6	0.9	72	Siboor VORON2.4 A/B & Z, Siboor VORON Trident A/B
Siboor	35STH52-1204A	14	52	1.8	1.2	40	3.5	2.3	26	Siboor VORON0 kit A/B
Siboor	42STH26-0804A-200	17	26	1.8	1	26	6.6	5.5	38	Siboor VORON0 kit Z
Siboor	42STH40-1684A-300	17	41	1.8	1.68	36	3.2	1.65	54	Siboor VORON Trident Z
Lerdge	42BYGH40	17	40	1.8	1.5	35	3.6	3.5	57
Usongshine	17HS4401	17	38	1.8	1.5	42	3.7	2.4	57
Motech Motors	1701HS140A	17	26	1.8	1.4	15	2	1.9	20
Motech Motors	1702HS133A	17	34	1.8	1.3	32	2.5	2.1	35
Motech Motors	1703HS168A	17	40	1.8	1.7	44	3.6	1.65	54
Motech Motors	1403HS100A	14	34	1.8	1	18	4	2.7	14
Motech Motors	1704HS168A	17	48	1.8	1.7	55	2.8	1.65	68
Motech Motors	1702HSM133A	17	34	0.9	1.3	25	2.5	2.1	35
Motech Motors	1703HSM168A	17	40	0.9	1.7	35	3.6	1.65	54
Motech Motors	1705HS200A	17	60	1.8	2	82	3.3	2	102
Motech Motors	1704HSM168A	17	48	0.9	1.7	44	2.8	1.65	68
Motech Motors	1404HS100A	14	48	1.8	1.7	37	2.3	1.65	54
Motech Motors	1405HS100A	14	52	1.8	1.5	41	3.8	2.8	54

Nema 17 Stepper Motor Purchase links#

Model Name and Brand	Buy
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH40-1684AC)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) \| West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
Kraken LDO-42STH60-3004AHR(S37)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH20-1004ASH)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH40-2004MAH)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2004AC)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2504AC)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2504AH(S37))	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2504AHS46)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2504AH(S45R))	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2504AHS55)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2804AC Super Power)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2804AC-R Round Shaft)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (35STH52-2004AHS35)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2804AH High Temp)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2804AH-S55 High Temp)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH48-2804AH-S80)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (42STH25-1004CL200ET)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)

Kits#

Product Name	Vendor
Box Turtle AFC Mini DC Motor Kit (LDO)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
Box Turtle AFC Stepper Kit (LDO)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
Voron 2.4 Motor Kit by LDO Motors (Clockwork 2 updated) - V2.4	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
Voron V0.1 / V0.2 Motor Kit by LDO Motors	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
Positron Motor Kit by LDO Motors	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
MicronPlus 3D Printer Motor Kit by LDO Motors	West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)

Pancake Motors#

Model Name and Brand	Buy
LDO Pancake Motor (36STH20-1004AHG8T)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Pancake Motor (36STH20-1004AHG)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)

NEMA 14#

Model Name and Brand	Buy
LDO Stepper Motor (35STH52-1504AH)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)
LDO Stepper Motor (35STH52-2004AHS35)	onetwo3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission) West3d (affiliate link — we may earn a commission)